The white paper on the future of European defence

Amendments tabled for the plenary sitting on this text, in their own numbering series. This is a different set from the committee amendments tracked elsewhere on AmendEU, and is not counted in any of the site’s amendment totals.

1. Amendment 1The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital T a (new)
   Amendment

   Ta. whereas, on 4 March 2025, Commission President Ursula von der Leyen unveiled a plan to rearm Europe; whereas, following this announcement, shares in defence sector companies posted significant gains on European stock markets;

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2. Amendment 2The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 1 a (new)
   Amendment

   1a. Is deeply concerned by the special European Council’s decision to endorse the ReArm Europe Plan put forward by the Commission; believes that increasing defence spending is not conducive to lasting peace, and that common indebtedness and suspensions of the stability pact should instead be used to support measures aimed at helping EU citizens cope with rising living costs and to fund basic services;

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3. Amendment 3The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 2 a (new)
   Amendment

   2a. Is extremely concerned that defence sector industries have already reaped huge gains from President von der Leyen’s announcement about the ReArm Europe Plan; believes that these industries have already garnered extra profits on the back of the outbreak of the conflict in Ukraine; calls on the Commission to incorporate a mechanism to tax these extra profits in order to fund basic services such as healthcare, education and other basic services in the Member States;

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4. Amendment 4The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 7
   Current text

   7. Believes therefore that time has come for a renewed political ambition to act and turn the EU into a genuine security provider, increase the EU’s defence readiness and build a true European Defence Union; recalls that the adoption of the Strategic Compass was a good starting point, but that its timely implementation remains necessary; welcomes the recent EU Defence instruments, insists on the urgency to change scale as the EU defence efforts cannot remain limited in size, fragmented in scope and lengthy in delivery; calls for a quantum leap and a new approach on Defence, assorted with strong choices and decision, an action plan and a short to long term planning to invest in Defence: under…

   Amendment

   7. Believes therefore that time has come for a renewed political ambition to act and turn the EU into a genuine security provider, increase the EU’s defence readiness and build a true European Defence Union; believes that Europe’s common defence needs to take shape with a view to streamlining spending and European coordination; recalls that the adoption of the Strategic Compass was a good starting point, but that its timely implementation remains necessary; welcomes the recent EU Defence instruments, insists on the urgency to change scale as the EU defence efforts cannot remain limited in size, fragmented in scope and lengthy in delivery; calls for a quantum leap and a new approach on Defenc…

   Excerpt — full text in the official PDF.
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5. Amendment 5The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 10 a (new)
   Amendment

   10a. Stresses that European structural funds are essential for the development of local communities in the Member States; enjoins the Council and the Commission to under no circumstances permit the use of these funds for other ends, such as arms purchases or to cover military expenses;

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6. Amendment 6The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 11 a (new)
   Amendment

   11a. Opposes the idea of separating defence spending from the stability pact, as proposed by the Commission; believes that any separation would be more appropriate for spending on healthcare, education and other basic public services;

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7. Amendment 7PfEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 1 a (new)
   Amendment

   1a. Stresses that diplomatic and defence policy issues are primarily the prerogative of the Member States, which remain the most relevant and the only legitimate political units in the international order; respects the right of every Member State to determine its own foreign and security policy; insists on the importance of maintaining the principle of unanimity in the Council for all decisions related to the common foreign and security policy (CFSP) and the common security and defence policy (CSDP);

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8. Amendment 8PfEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 7 a (new)
   Amendment

   7a. Notes, however, that the strengthening of the European defence industry must not result in the attribution of new competences to the Commission, which would be in breach of the Treaties and would undermine the sovereignty of Member States without increasing efficacy; reiterates, therefore, that decision-making regarding military requirements, the prioritisation of capability development and the purchase of defence products should remain within the remit of Member States; underlines that, despite the need for increased cooperation in the field of defence, such as on joint procurement and joint production, the Member States must retain full sovereignty over their arms export policies;

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9. Amendment 9PfEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 48 a (new)
   Amendment

   48a. Stresses that a strong civilian manufacturing industry, particularly in the steelmaking, automotive, aerospace and shipbuilding sectors, is essential for deterrence, resilience and for maintaining long-term military and industrial capabilities in the event of conflict; notes the decline of these industries since the 1990s, especially in western Europe; calls on the Commission and the Council to safeguard the manufacturing industries that are vital to national security, using all tools available in the EU trade policy; urges the Commission to revise the Green Deal and revoke the net-neutrality goal, since it destroys manufacturing competitiveness and is responsible for the deindustrialis…

   Excerpt — full text in the official PDF.
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10. Amendment 10Verts/ALEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 32
    Current text

    32. Insists that the Rapid Deployment Capacity must achieve full operational capability in 2025 and should be upgraded to be able to face the most extreme military contingencies; reiterates its call to strengthen the EU’s Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC), establishing it as the preferred command and control structure for EU military operations and providing it with adequate premises, staff and effective communication and information systems for all CSDP missions and operations, including those of the Rapid Deployment Capacity;

    Amendment

    32. Insists that the Rapid Deployment Capacity must achieve full operational capability in 2025 and should be upgraded to be able to face the most extreme military contingencies; proposes to upgrade it by transforming it into a permanent multinational force with its own strategic enablers and command and control; calls on the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy to launch a discussion with the Member States in view of creating additional permanent multinational units to respond to the changing threat landscape for the EU since the decision to create the Rapid Deployment Capacity; reiterates its call to strengthen the EU’s…

    Excerpt — full text in the official PDF.
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11. Amendment 11Verts/ALEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 37
    Current text

    37. Urges the EU and its Member States, with regard to armed forces, to move from the ‘flow’ approach that prevailed during peaceful times to a ‘stock’ approach, with a stockpile of defence equipment ready for a sustained increase in demand; notes, in this regard, the advantages offered by mechanisms such as advance purchase agreements, the establishment of ‘ever-warm’ facilities and the creation of defence readiness pools; believes that the Commission should take any actions necessary to encourage the Member States to increase exchanges and build trust among them regarding long-term, transparent planning, more proactive measures aimed at securing raw materials, and policies to close gaps in…

    Amendment

    37. Urges the EU and its Member States, with regard to armed forces, to move from the ‘flow’ approach that prevailed during peaceful times to a ‘stock’ approach, with a stockpile of defence equipment ready for a sustained increase in demand; notes, in this regard, the advantages offered by mechanisms such as advance purchase agreements, the establishment of ‘ever-warm’ facilities and the creation of defence readiness pools; believes that the Commission should take any actions necessary to encourage the Member States to increase exchanges and build trust among them regarding long-term, transparent planning, more proactive measures aimed at a socially and environmentally sustainable provision…

    Excerpt — full text in the official PDF.
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12. Amendment 12Verts/ALEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 56 a (new)
    Amendment

    56a. Stresses the need to develop an effective EU level armaments policy that includes the establishment of a functioning and effective external trade dimension with the aim of supporting partners that face threats from aggressive authoritarian regimes and preventing arms deliveries to undemocratic aggressive regimes and those who make illegal use of them, as assessed by the relevant international human rights and humanitarian law, in line with the existing eight criteria of the EU Common Position on Arms Exports; stresses the need to overcome the very narrow and national interpretation of Article 346 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union in this respect;

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13. Amendment 13Verts/ALEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 57 a (new)
    Amendment

    57a. Calls for the energy resilience and climate and environmental transition dimensions to be strengthened under the successor of the EDF, and for the climate-proofing and decarbonisation (covering both adaptation and mitigation) of EU defence by design and across the five dimensions – operational, capability planning and development, multi-stakeholder engagement, governance and research and development – for the benefit of performance of military capabilities, resilience of armed forces, and thus the competitiveness of EDTIB;

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14. Amendment 14Verts/ALEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 68
    Current text

    68. Welcomes the five-point ‘ReArm Europe’ plan proposed by the Commission President on 4 March 2025;

    Amendment

    68. Welcomes the five-point ‘ReArm Europe’ plan proposed by the Commission President on 4 March 2025; stresses, however, that the planned investments should address the lack of cooperation and coordination between the Member States, including measures guaranteeing full interoperability and making joint procurement the rule;

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15. Amendment 15Verts/ALEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 68 a (new)
    Amendment

    68a. Emphasises that the current circumstances underscore the urgent need for the Member States to avail themselves of financial resources to respond to current and future challenges; welcomes the Council’s openness to accepting deviations from the economic governance framework; invites the Commission to initiate a review of the EU fiscal rules to ensure long-term funding certainty for investments aimed at expanding European defence production capabilities and promoting the green and just transitions;

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16. Amendment 16Verts/ALEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 68 b (new)
    Amendment

    68b. Stresses the need to significantly boost start-ups, scale-ups and SMEs in the sector as a priority and a structural element of the single market for defence section of the white paper; stresses that, for well-established or systemic actors in the defence sector, public investment should be accompanied by additional safeguards to ensure that public money is reinvested and not used for the purpose of generating profits for their shareholders, such as by windfall profit taxes;

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17. Amendment 17Verts/ALEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 69 a (new)
    Amendment

    69a. Underlines that increases in defence investment should not compete with other public investment priorities including social expenditure, territorial cohesion and the climate transition, which are all relevant to our European security; reiterates that the most effective way to maintain such priorities is to release fresh investments for defence rather than repurposing already earmarked funding; recalls, furthermore, that financing orientations should be anchored in a whole-of-society approach to resilience and, therefore, need to be broadly supported by European citizens, and that this support needs to be sustainable in the long term;

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18. Amendment 18Verts/ALEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 69 b (new)
    Amendment

    69b. Opposes any repurposing of common agricultural policy and cohesion funds, both in volume and political objectives;

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19. Amendment 19Verts/ALEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 74
    Current text

    74. Reiterates, in line with the Commission’s ‘ReArm Europe’ plan, its call for the European Investment Bank (EIB) and other international financial institutions and private banks in Europe to invest more actively in the European defence industry; calls, in particular, for an urgent revision of the EIB’s lending policy and immediate flexibility to remove current restrictions on financing defence, and for the possibility of issuing earmarked debt for funding security and defence projects to be investigated;

    Amendment

    74. Reiterates, in line with the Commission’s ‘ReArm Europe’ plan, its call for the European Investment Bank (EIB) and other international financial institutions and private banks in Europe to invest more actively in the European defence industry; calls, in particular, for an urgent revision of the EIB’s lending policy and immediate flexibility to remove current restrictions on financing defence innovation, and for the possibility of issuing earmarked debt for funding security and defence projects that focus on innovation to be investigated, while safeguarding its operations and financing capacity;

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20. Amendment 20The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital Ba (new)
    Amendment

    Ba. whereas at the NATO Summit in Bucharest in 2008, the US Government pushed for Ukrainian NATO membership against the opinion of several Member States; whereas following the Russian invasion, the United States pushed EU Member States to systematically increase the quantity and quality of arms deliveries to Ukraine;

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21. Amendment 21The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital Ca (new)
    Amendment

    Ca. whereas the United States has forwardly deployed new B61-12 gravity bombs on the territory of EU Member States, increasing the risk that these Member States will fall victim to preventive or retaliatory strikes related to US foreign policy;

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22. Amendment 22The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital Ea (new)
    Amendment

    Ea. whereas Russia’s annual defence spending in 2024 was estimated at USD 141 billion, while NATO member states spent approximately USD 1 341 billion, over ten times more; whereas Russia is confronted with a rapidly declining population, while its GDP is roughly the size of the Benelux countries;

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23. Amendment 23The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital Eb (new)
    Amendment

    Eb. whereas between 2021 and 2024, EU Member States’ total defence expenditure rose by more than 30 %, and in 2024 European NATO members’ defence spending (excluding Türkiye) was USD 454 billion, according to NATO;

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24. Amendment 24The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital Ec (new)
    Amendment

    Ec. whereas the European Parliament has adopted a resolution condemning the Russian shadow fleet; whereas Member States are yet to implement efficient measures to hinder the circumvention of sanctions against Russia through the shadow fleet;

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25. Amendment 25The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital Ja (new)
    Amendment

    Ja. whereas the Member States have different military and security policies, including policies of neutrality, and such policies should be respected;

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26. Amendment 26The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital Na (new)
    Amendment

    Na. whereas in purchasing power parity, European NATO members’ defence spending (excluding Türkiye) is double that of Russia;

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27. Amendment 27The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital Nb (new)
    Amendment

    Nb. whereas the military and defence sector is one of the largest global emitters of greenhouse gases, yet remains largely exempt from mandatory public reporting on its carbon footprint; whereas the carbon footprint of military expenditure in the EU alone was estimated at 24.8 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent in 2019, comparable to the annual emissions of approximately 14 million cars; whereas the military sector’s increasing reliance on fossil fuels and resource-intensive equipment exacerbates the climate crisis, while diverting funds from urgent social and environmental investments;

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28. Amendment 28The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital Nc (new)
    Amendment

    Nc. whereas in international relations theory the ‘security dilemma’ refers to a phenomenon whereby actions, such as arms procurement, taken by a state actor to increase its own security provokes reactions from other states, such as increased arms procurement or preventive attacks, that ultimately lead to a decrease rather than an increase in the original state’s security;

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29. Amendment 29The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital Nd (new)
    Amendment

    Nd. whereas the 1975 Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, concluded in Helsinki between the United States, Canada, the Soviet Union and all of the countries of Europe, except Albania, played an important role in easing tensions between East and West during the Cold War;

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30. Amendment 30The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital N e (new)
    Amendment

    Ne. whereas the Cold War collective security acquis has been systematically undermined by the United States’ withdrawal from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM), the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) and the Open Skies Treaty, systematically followed by Russian withdrawals, and by the Russian withdrawal from the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe and from the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, following the refusal of the United States to ratify it;

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31. Amendment 31The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital N f (new)
    Amendment

    Nf. whereas a new European security architecture will have to apply the principles of peaceful coexistence between countries with different political systems and offer security guarantees to all parties in order to avoid Europe being divided once again into two diametrically opposed blocs;

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32. Amendment 32The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital P a (new)
    Amendment

    Pa. whereas according to 2023 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute figures, EU Member States, together with the United Kingdom, already spend more nominally on defence than all other countries in the world combined, with the exception of the United States;

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33. Amendment 33The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital P b (new)
    Amendment

    Pb. whereas 55 % of European arms imports from 2019 to 2023 were from the United States, compared with 35 % from 2014 to 2018; whereas this highlights the EU’s growing dependency on the US military industry, which significantly undermines its strategic autonomy;

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34. Amendment 34The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital R a (new)
    Amendment

    Ra. whereas Article 41(2) TEU prohibits charging expenditure arising from operations with military or defence implications to the Union budget;

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35. Amendment 35The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Recital R b (new)
    Amendment

    Rb. whereas the presence of foreign, and particularly US, military bases on the territory of EU Member States limits national sovereignty, poses unnecessary geopolitical risks and makes European countries potential targets of military retaliation in conflicts unrelated to their interests;

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36. Amendment 36The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph -1 (new)
    Amendment

    -1. Stresses that peace and security are not achieved by promoting a policy of confrontation and war, an increase in military expenditure, an escalation of arms or the militarisation of the EU and its transformation into a military bloc, but through diplomacy, dialogue and a political resolution of conflicts, on the basis of collective security and respect for the principles of the UN Charter and international law;

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37. Amendment 37The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph -1 a (new)
    Amendment

    -1a. Stresses that it is the promotion of peace, cooperation and compliance with the principles of the UN Charter and the Final Act of the Helsinki Conference that serves the interests of the peoples of Europe and not the promotion of militarism, arms escalation and war;

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38. Amendment 38The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph -1 b (new)
    Amendment

    -1b. Advocates general, simultaneous and controlled disarmament, the dissolution of political-military blocs and the establishment of a collective security system with a view to creating an international order capable of ensuring peace and justice in relations between peoples;

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39. Amendment 39The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 1 a (new)
    Amendment

    1a. Recalls the EU’s support for and the participation of EU Member States in violations of international law, including in military interventions in and invasions of countries such as the former Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya;

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40. Amendment 40The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 2 a (new)
    Amendment

    2a. Rejects the militarisation of the EU and any belligerent objectives of the common security and defence policy (CSDP);

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41. Amendment 41The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 2 b (new)
    Amendment

    2b. Considers that in light of the United States’ past and ongoing violations of international law and the negative impact of US military interventions on neighbouring regions, the foreign, security and defence policy of the Union and Member States can no longer be aligned with the framework of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO); calls, therefore, on the European Council to start the process of revising the EU Treaties to remove this requirement from the Treaty on European Union;

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42. Amendment 42The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 2 c (new)
    Amendment

    2c. Recalls Article 42 of the Treaty on the European Union and Title III, Article 3 of the Protocol on the concerns of the Irish people on the Treaty of Lisbon and affirms that Member States that are neutral must have such neutrality respected;

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43. Amendment 43The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 2 d (new)
    Amendment

    2d. Regrets the unprecedented levels of attacks on the United Nations and its paramount role in peacebuilding and conflict resolution and stresses the need for the EU and the Member States to defend the United Nations and to work within the United Nations system, in a manner consistent with the UN Charter, for the peaceful resolution of disputes;

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44. Amendment 44The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 2 e (new)
    Amendment

    2e. Rejects the EU’s becoming a new warmongering political-military bloc, whether or not complementary to NATO;

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45. Amendment 45The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 2 f (new)
    Amendment

    2f. Reaffirms that the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, as a regional arrangement under Chapter VIII of the UN Charter, is the primary organisation for the peaceful settlement of disputes within its region;

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46. Amendment 46The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 4
    Current text

    4. Believes that Russia, supported by its allies including Belarus, China, North Korea and Iran, is the most significant direct and indirect threat to the EU and its security, as well as that of EU candidate countries and partners; reiterates its condemnation, in the strongest possible terms, of Russia’s unprovoked, illegal and unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine; notes, however, the need to consider fully the instability in our southern neighbourhood, the rise in Chinese military power and the increased aggressiveness of the middle powers, which appear ready to jeopardise transatlantic cooperation on common security and make a deal with the Russian aggressor at the expense of Ukra…

    Amendment

    4. Believes that Russia, supported by its allies including Belarus, China, North Korea and Iran, is the most significant direct and indirect threat to the EU and its security, as well as that of EU candidate countries and partners; reiterates its condemnation, in the strongest possible terms, of Russia’s unprovoked, illegal and unjustified war of aggression against Ukraine; notes, however, the need to consider fully the instability in our southern neighbourhood, the rise in Chinese military power and the increased aggressiveness of the middle powers, which appear ready to jeopardise transatlantic cooperation on common security and make a deal with the Russian aggressor at the expense of Ukra…

    Excerpt — full text in the official PDF.
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47. Amendment 47The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 4 a (new)
    Amendment

    4a. Believes that its systematic alignment with US foreign policy, most recently with regard to Israeli war crimes, ethnic cleansing and genocidal practices against Palestinians, has dramatically reduced the EU’s global diplomatic credibility and therefore worsened its security situation;

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48. Amendment 48The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 5
    Current text

    5. Insists that Europe must take on greater responsibilities within NATO, especially when it comes to ensuring security on the European continent;

    Amendment

    5. Stresses that the unwillingness of the Union and its Member States to decouple their collective security from the United States and NATO is in direct contradiction to the objective of achieving greater European strategic autonomy;

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49. Amendment 49The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 5 a (new)
    Amendment

    5a. Believes that diplomacy should remain a cornerstone of EU foreign policy;

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50. Amendment 50The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 5 b (new)
    Amendment

    5b. Recalls that NATO and the EU are distinct organisations which serve very different purposes and which do not even share identical membership; regrets the conflation of NATO, a military alliance, with the EU;

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51. Amendment 51The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 6 a (new)
    Amendment

    6a. Is deeply concerned that global military expenditure continues to rise to new record levels; highlights the fact that an arms race will not create security for European citizens, but instead, in line with the security dilemma, will heighten the risk of violent conflict; calls on the Commission to actively promote new arms control treaties;

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52. Amendment 52The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 14 a (new)
    Amendment

    14a. Recalls the provisional measures ordered by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) regarding the application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip (South Africa v. Israel); stresses the need for international law to be upheld and respected; calls on the Council and the Commission to ensure that the EU is in no way complicit in violations of international law, including under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, with particular regard to the role of the European arms industry in providing weapons to the Israel Defense Forces;

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53. Amendment 53The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 15
    Current text

    15. Urges the EU and its Member States to stand firmly on the side of Ukraine; recalls its conviction that it is on the Ukrainian battlefields that the future of Europe will be decided and that the trajectory of Russia’s war against Ukraine will be decisively shifted; underlines that such a shift now depends almost entirely on Europe; urges the Member States, therefore, to provide more arms and ammunition to Ukraine before negotiations are concluded; warns that, if the EU were to fail in its support and Ukraine were forced to surrender, Russia would then turn against other countries, including possibly the EU Member States; calls on the EU Member States, international partners and NATO allie…

    Amendment

    15. Urges the EU and its Member States to stand firmly on the side of Ukraine; recalls its conviction that it is on the Ukrainian battlefields that the future of Europe will be decided and that the trajectory of Russia’s war against Ukraine will be decisively shifted; underlines that such a shift now depends almost entirely on Europe; urges the Member States, therefore, to provide more arms and ammunition to Ukraine before negotiations are concluded; warns that, if the EU were to fail in its support and Ukraine were forced to surrender, Russia would then turn against other countries, including possibly the EU Member States; calls on the EU Member States, international partners and NATO allie…

    Excerpt — full text in the official PDF.
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54. Amendment 54The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 15 a (new)
    Amendment

    15a. Welcomes the fact that several Member States support the Egyptian plan for the reconstruction of Gaza; urges the Commission to assist in the plan’s implementation; reiterates that a negotiated two-state solution under which Palestinians and Israelis can live in peaceful coexistence depends on a reconstructed and viable Palestinian society; acknowledges that the world community is paramount in the reconstruction of Gaza; reiterates that European security is entirely interconnected with respect for international law and peaceful solutions to conflicts in our immediate surroundings;

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55. Amendment 55The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 20
    Current text

    20. Urges the Council and the Member States to review and strengthen the enforcement of existing sanctions and to adopt and strictly implement restrictive measures against all entities and non-EU states facilitating the circumvention of sanctions, providing Russia’s military complex with military and dual-use technologies and equipment;

    Amendment

    20. Urges the Council and the Member States to review and strengthen the enforcement of existing sanctions and to adopt and strictly implement restrictive measures against all entities and non-EU states facilitating the circumvention of sanctions, providing Russia’s military complex with military and dual-use technologies and equipment; urges the Member States to pay special attention to the Russian shadow fleet and the security and environmental risks this poses;

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56. Amendment 56The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 22 a (new)
    Amendment

    22a. Urges the Member States to work on a new long-term collective security architecture for Europe inspired by the principles of the Helsinki process and including the concept of mutual security guarantees; notes that a fundamental aspect of such an approach is respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations and a commitment to international law;

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57. Amendment 57The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 22 b (new)
    Amendment

    22b. Insists that a new European security architecture should apply the principles of peaceful coexistence between countries with different political systems and offer security guarantees to all parties;

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58. Amendment 58The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 33
    Current text

    33. Strongly believes that, in the current geopolitical context, the operationalisation of Article 42(7) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) on mutual assistance is of utmost importance, ensuring solidarity among Member States, especially those whose geographical position leaves them directly exposed to imminent threats and challenges, regardless of whether they are NATO members;

    Amendment

    33. Strongly believes that, in the current geopolitical context, genuine European strategic autonomy can only be achieved if Article 42(7) of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) on mutual assistance is considered to be of utmost importance, ensuring solidarity among Member States, and becomes the foundation of the collective defence of all Member States, instead of relying on NATO;

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59. Amendment 59The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 32 a (new)
    Amendment

    32a. Reiterates its call on Türkiye, a NATO member, to withdraw its troops from Cyprus, an EU Member State, and work constructively to find a viable and peaceful solution based on the relevant UN resolutions;

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60. Amendment 60The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 46
    Current text

    46. Stresses that EDIP must actively facilitate the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and new market entrants through simplified access to funding; emphasises that EDIP should be designed as a stepping stone towards greater European sovereignty in defence production; suggests that successful Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and European Defence Fund (EDF) projects be prioritised along the line of known capability gaps and that sufficient funding be ensured for projects that have proven to deliver; reiterates its call on the Member States to provide an implementation report on PESCO projects to Parliament at least twice a year;

    Amendment

    46. Stresses that EDIP must actively facilitate the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and new market entrants through simplified access to funding; emphasizes that EDIP should be designed as a stepping stone towards greater European independence in defence production; suggests that successful Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and European Defence Fund (EDF) projects be prioritised along the line of known capability gaps and that sufficient funding be ensured for projects that have proven to deliver; reiterates its call on the Member States to provide an implementation report on PESCO projects to Parliament at least twice a year;

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61. Amendment 61The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 54
    Current text

    54. Proposes that relevant defence-related entities/activities be allowed access to InvestEU and other EU funds, taking advantage of EU defence as a job creator; insists that defence-related entities/activities be prioritised as appropriate, with the support of the Chips Act5 and the Critical Raw Materials Act6; believes that the simplification efforts announced by the Commission must fully encompass the defence sector; calls on the Commission to leverage the full dual-use potential of space technologies, considering space as both a new operating domain and a critical enabler of multi-domain operations; underlines that the EU currently has a substantial gap in space capabilities compared to…

    Amendment

    54. Proposes that relevant defence-related entities/activities be allowed access to InvestEU and other EU funds, taking advantage of EU defence as a job creator; insists that defence-related entities/activities be prioritised as appropriate, with the support of the Chips Act5 and the Critical Raw Materials Act6; believes that the simplification efforts announced by the Commission must fully encompass the defence sector; calls on the Commission to leverage the full dual-use potential of space technologies, considering space as both a new operating domain and a critical enabler of multi-domain operations; underlines that the EU currently has a substantial gap in space capabilities compared to…

    Excerpt — full text in the official PDF.
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62. Amendment 62The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 58
    Current text

    58. Calls for greater coherence in governance as CSDP must become the key instrument of a powerful Europe; considers that this requires a real link in governance between the Member States, the Vice-President of the Commission / High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy (VP/HR) and the Commissioners; urges the Member States to overcome the complexity of decision-making processes in the governance of European defence; calls for the creation of a council of defence ministers and for the move from unanimity to qualified majority voting for decisions in the European Council, the Council of Ministers and EU agencies such as the EDA, excluding military operations with…

    Amendment

    58. Affirms that unanimity for decisions in the European Council, the Council of Ministers and EU agencies, such as the European Defence Agency, remains vital to ensure Member States’ sovereignty over defence policy and that the neutrality of certain Member States is respected;

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63. Amendment 63The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 58 a (new)
    Amendment

    58a. Calls for unanimity voting on defence issues to be maintained within the Council to promote consensus-based solutions that foster much-needed unity;

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64. Amendment 64The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 58 b (new)
    Amendment

    58b. Condemns the environmental impact of military expenditure and operations, which significantly contribute to the climate crisis while remaining exempt from standard emissions reduction targets; calls on the Commission and the Member States to include defence industry emissions in the EU’s climate targets, mandate transparent and independent reporting of military greenhouse gas emissions, and progressively reduce the military sector’s carbon footprint; stresses the urgent need to redirect public resources away from militarisation and towards sustainable investments that address the real security threats posed by climate change;

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65. Amendment 65The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 58 c (new)
    Amendment

    58c. Calls on the Member States to withdraw US military bases from their territories and to strengthen Europe’s strategic autonomy without being influenced by external interests; considers that the presence of foreign troops on European soil undermines the sovereignty and independence of Member States’ foreign and defence policies;

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66. Amendment 66The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 62
    Current text

    62. Rejects a scenario in which EU funds contribute to perpetuating or deepening dependences on non-European actors, both for production of capabilities or their deployment;

    Amendment

    62. Rejects a scenario in which EU funds contribute to perpetuating or deepening dependences on non-European actors, both for production of capabilities or their deployment; calls, therefore, on the Commission and the Member States to ensure that EU public spending goes to EU companies, and EU companies only; stresses that the licensed production of US weapons should not be counted as European production, eligible for EU spending;

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67. Amendment 67The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 63 a (new)
    Amendment

    63a. Underlines the importance of safeguarding European companies involved in the production of goods and components of strategic importance for the Member States; expresses its deep concern over the domino effect caused by the disruption of the supply of vacuum salt following Vencorex falling into receivership, and the resulting cessation of the chlorine, soda, methyl chloride and technical fluids production activities by Arkema; urges the French authorities to take immediate action to either nationalise Arkema and Vencorex or to support its workers’ proposed take-over;

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68. Amendment 68The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 65 a (new)
    Amendment

    65a. Rejects the allocation of budgetary appropriations for militarism, namely for war and the promotion of the arms race;

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69. Amendment 69The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 65 b (new)
    Amendment

    65b. Calls for the reallocation of EU budget funds earmarked for militarisation programmes to support the Member States in improving their economic and social situation based on the principle of economic and social cohesion, i.e. achieving convergence in economic and social progress;

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70. Amendment 70The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 63 c (new)
    Amendment

    63c. Calls for the reallocation of EU budget funds earmarked for militarisation programmes to support the Member States in improving wages and pensions, ensuring the good standards of healthcare, education, social security and public services, and the right to housing, improving living conditions;

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71. Amendment 71The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 64 a (new)
    Amendment

    64a. Recalls that under Article 41(2) TEU expenditure arising from operations having military or defence implications may not be charged to the EU budget; calls for a strict application of this article; demands a retroactive review of corresponding defence funds and budget lines and for their termination where needed;

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72. Amendment 72The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 68
    Current text

    68. Welcomes the five-point ‘ReArm Europe’ plan proposed by the Commission President on 4 March 2025;

    Amendment

    68. Takes note of the ‘ReArm Europe’ plan presented by the Commission President and endorsed by the Council; recalls that the absence of new EU own resources means that the Member States will have to increase their contribution to the EU budget to repay the loans backed by the EU budget of up to EUR 150 billion; stresses that this reimbursement will be additional to the repayment of NextGenerationEU debt;

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73. Amendment 73The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 68 a (new)
    Amendment

    68a. Is deeply concerned that militarisation, and specifically the ‘ReArm Europe’ plan, is being used to further attack public services across the EU, which are already facing the suffocating effects of austerity measures imposed by the Commission;

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74. Amendment 74The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 69
    Current text

    69. Strongly supports the idea that EU Member States must increase their defence and security financing to new levels; notes that some Member States have already increased their defence spending to 5 % of GDP and insists that the current security environment and the multiple, complex and evolving security threats require Member States to increase their defence spending to at least 3 % of GDP;

    Amendment

    69. Notes that the President of the Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, has proposed a suspension of fiscal rules for defence investments; condemns the double standards that allow military spending to rise indefinitely while social and environmental expenditure continues to face budget cuts; calls for any modification of the fiscal framework to be democratically approved by Parliament; highlights the fact that fiscal rules were already suspended during the COVID-19 crisis, and stresses that the need to amend this framework for every crisis demonstrates its long-term inadequacy;

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75. Amendment 75The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 69 a (new)
    Amendment

    69a. Urges the Commission President to clarify whether or not the full reimbursement of the loans backed by the EU budget of up to EUR 150 billion will be covered by the national escape clause of the Stability and Growth Pact;

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76. Amendment 76The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 71
    Current text

    71. Is of the opinion that national recovery and resilience plans should be amended to allow for new defence funding; calls for these investments to also address vulnerabilities in both military capabilities and the social fabric, empowering us to fight all threats to our values, social model, security and defence;

    Amendment

    71. Is of the opinion that national recovery and resilience plans should be amended to allow for new defence funding; calls for these investments to also address vulnerabilities in both military capabilities and the social fabric, empowering us to fight all threats to our values, social model, security and defence; reiterates the need to protect welfare services and social investments while investing in defence; recognises the importance of well-funded social welfare services in maintaining overall national resilience; reminds the Member States, to this end, of the importance of progressive taxation of capital gains and high incomes as significant sources of funding for both the reconstructi…

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77. Amendment 77The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 74 a (new)
    Amendment

    74a. Deplores the choice of using Article 122 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union as the legal basis for the ‘new financial EU instrument to support Member States in boosting their defence capabilities’; expresses grave concern that Parliament has been excluded from the decision-making process with regard to such a strategic decision and considers this to be a dangerous undermining of EU democracy;

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78. Amendment 78The LeftJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 74 b (new)
    Amendment

    74b. Calls for EIB financing to be strictly limited to civilian projects, excluding dual-use items;

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79. Amendment 79RenewJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 13
    Current text

    13. Calls for immediate measures to enhance the security and defence of the EU’s north-eastern border with Russia and Belarus by establishing a comprehensive and resilient defence line across land, air and maritime domains to counter military and hybrid threats; emphasises the need to coordinate and integrate national efforts through EU regulatory and financial instruments to accelerate implementation;

    Amendment

    13. Calls for immediate measures to enhance the security and defence of the EU’s north-eastern border with Russia and Belarus by establishing a comprehensive and resilient defence line across land, air and maritime domains to counter military and hybrid threats; calls for the EU and the Member States to carefully examine such measures and initiatives in order to accelerate their implementation;

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80. Amendment 80RenewJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 19
    Current text

    19. Calls for a significant increase in the financing of military support for Ukraine; calls, in this regard, for the swift adoption of the next military aid package, which should be the largest to date and reflect the level of ambition this juncture calls for; calls on the EU Member States to commit at least 0.25 % of their GDP to military aid for Ukraine; condemns the veto imposed by one Member State on the functioning of the European Peace Facility; calls on the EU Member States, together with their G7 partners, to immediately seize all frozen Russian assets to serve as a foundation for a substantial grant and loan to Ukraine, as a legally sound and financially significant way to maintain…

    Amendment

    19. Calls for a significant increase in the financing of military support for Ukraine; calls, in this regard, for the swift adoption of the next military aid package, which should be the largest to date and reflect the level of ambition this juncture calls for; calls on the EU Member States to commit at least 0.25 % of their GDP to military aid for Ukraine; condemns the veto imposed by one Member State on the functioning of the European Peace Facility; calls on the EU Member States, together with their G7 partners, to immediately use all frozen Russian assets to serve as a foundation for a substantial grant and loan to Ukraine, as a legally sound and financially significant way to maintain a…

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81. Amendment 81RenewJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 49
    Current text

    49. Calls for a significant increase in common procurement by the Member States of required European defence equipment and capabilities; calls on the Member States to aggregate demand by procuring defence equipment jointly, with the possibility of granting the Commission a mandate to procure on their behalf, ideally ensuring a long-term planning horizon for the EDTIB, thus improving the EDTIB’s production capacities and the interoperability of the European armed forces, and making efficient use of taxpayers’ money through economies of scale;

    Amendment

    49. Calls for a significant increase in common procurement by the Member States of required European defence equipment and capabilities; calls on the Member States to aggregate demand by procuring defence equipment jointly, making better use of the existing mechanisms provided by the European Defence Agency and the Organisation for Joint Armament Cooperation, ideally ensuring a long-term planning horizon for the EDTIB, thus improving the EDTIB’s production capacities and the interoperability of the European armed forces, and making efficient use of taxpayers’ money through economies of scale;

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82. Amendment 82RenewJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 53
    Current text

    53. Recommends the establishment of a security of supply regime, including joint strategic stocks of raw materials and critical parts, to ensure the availability of raw materials and components needed for the production of defence products, and to allow production cycles to be ramped up faster and shortened; calls for the Commission to be tasked with the mapping and monitoring of the EDTIB, with the aims of protecting its strengths, reducing its vulnerabilities, avoiding crises and providing it with an effective and efficient industrial policy;

    Amendment

    53. Recommends the establishment of a security of supply regime, including joint strategic stocks of raw materials and critical parts, to ensure the availability of raw materials and components needed for the production of defence products, and to allow production cycles to be ramped up faster and shortened; calls for the Commission and the Member States to be jointly tasked with the mapping and monitoring of the EDTIB, with the aims of protecting its strengths, reducing its vulnerabilities, avoiding crises and providing it with an effective and efficient industrial policy;

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83. Amendment 83S&DJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 3 a (new)
    Amendment

    3a. Strongly believes that strengthening Europe’s security and defence requires not just a simple increase in ambition and action, but a complete overhaul of the way we act and invest in our security and defence, such that from now on we plan, innovate, develop, purchase, maintain and deploy capabilities together, in a coordinated and integrated fashion, and making full use of the complementary competences of all actors in Europe, including NATO, to achieve a common European defence;

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84. Amendment 84S&DJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 22 a (new)
    Amendment

    22a. Calls on the Commission to propose an EU drones package, focusing on drone and anti-drone systems and auxiliary capabilities, containing plans and funds to stimulate research and development, which should draw on lessons learnt from the Ukrainian experience and be open to the participation of Ukraine’s highly innovative companies, as well as an industrial programme dedicated to the joint development, production and procurement of drone and anti-drone systems, and a regulation on the use of drones in civilian and military contexts;

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85. Amendment 85S&DJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 64 a (new)
    Amendment

    64a. Notes that insecurity, social exclusion and poverty are continuously being weaponised by our enemies, as they make large swathes of people more vulnerable to hostile propaganda and anti-democratic narratives; demands, therefore, that the increased investments in our security and defence come on top of the important investments in social cohesion and welfare, and not instead of them; calls instead for a comprehensive EU investment strategy, based on a permanent fiscal capacity that addresses both vulnerabilities in military capabilities and in the social fabric, empowering us to fight all threats to our values, social model, security and defence; underlines that this pressing investment…

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86. Amendment 86S&DJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 69
    Current text

    69. Strongly supports the idea that EU Member States must increase their defence and security financing to new levels; notes that some Member States have already increased their defence spending to 5 % of GDP and insists that the current security environment and the multiple, complex and evolving security threats require Member States to increase their defence spending to at least 3 % of GDP;

    Amendment

    69. Strongly supports the idea that EU Member States must increase their defence and security financing to new levels; notes that some Member States have already increased their defence spending and insists that the current security environment and the multiple, complex and evolving security threats require Member States to increase their defence spending, prioritising common European initiatives;

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87. Amendment 87PPEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 12
    Current text

    12. Expects the white paper on the future of European defence to identify the most pressing threats, structural risks and competitors, and define the extent to which the EU can develop contingency plans to ensure mutual support in the event of large-scale security crises, and help Europe anticipate, prepare for and deter potential aggressors and defend itself in the short and long term, in order to become a credible power and European pillar within NATO;

    Amendment

    12. Expects the white paper on the future of European defence to identify the most pressing threats, structural risks and competitors, and define the extent to which the EU can develop contingency plans to ensure mutual support in the event of large-scale security crises, and help Europe anticipate, prepare for and deter potential aggressors and defend itself in the short and long term, in order to become a credible power and European pillar within NATO; underlines that the protection of EU land, air and maritime borders contributes to the security of the entire EU, in particular the EU’s eastern border, and thus stresses that the East Shield and Baltic Defence Line should be the flagship EU…

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88. Amendment 88PPEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 50
    Current text

    50. Welcomes the proposal for European Defence Projects of Common Interest on the development of common capabilities that go beyond the financial means of a single Member State; believes that these projects should be used to support the industrial and technological capacities that underpin the major common priorities of several Member States and in fields such as strategic enablers, particularly in space and European air defence, to act on the whole spectrum of threats, military mobility, in particular strategic and tactical air transport, deep strikes, drone and anti-drone technologies, missiles and munitions, and artificial intelligence, in order to develop sovereign infrastructure and cri…

    Amendment

    50. Welcomes the proposal for European Defence Projects of Common Interest on the development of common capabilities that go beyond the financial means of a single Member State; believes that these projects should be used to support the industrial and technological capacities that underpin the major common priorities of several Member States and in fields such as external border protection and defence, in particular in the land domain, as well as strategic enablers, particularly in space and European air defence, to act on the whole spectrum of threats, military mobility, in particular strategic and tactical air transport, deep strikes, drone and anti-drone technologies, missiles and munitio…

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89. Amendment 89PPEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 61
    Current text

    61. Strongly believes that European preference should be the cornerstone of all EU policies related to the European defence market, as a strategic imperative aimed at protecting European expertise, in order to strengthen European defence capabilities on a long-term basis and as EU taxpayer money must create added value on EU territory; underlines that the European preference principle must be reflected in EU defence regulations in clear and unambiguous eligibility criteria both for entities and for products;

    Amendment

    61. Considers that European preference must be the guiding principle and long-term ambition of EU policies related to the European defence market, in order to develop and protect European technological excellence; stresses, however, that such preference must not be pursued at the expense of the defence readiness of the Union, given the extent of international supply and value chains in the defence sector;

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90. Amendment 90PPEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 69
    Current text

    69. Strongly supports the idea that EU Member States must increase their defence and security financing to new levels; notes that some Member States have already increased their defence spending to 5 % of GDP and insists that the current security environment and the multiple, complex and evolving security threats require Member States to increase their defence spending to at least 3 % of GDP;

    Amendment

    69. Strongly supports the idea that EU Member States must increase their defence and security financing to new levels; notes that some Member States have already increased their defence spending to 5 % of GDP and insists that the current security environment and the multiple, complex and evolving security threats require Member States to increase their defence spending to at least 3 % of GDP by 2026 and to reach 4 % by 2028;

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91. Amendment 91PPEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 72 a (new)
    Amendment

    72a. Believes that environmental, social and governance criteria and taxonomy rules and their interpretation by rating agencies are an obstacle to ensuring increased public finance for defence, and hence calls on the Commission to address this issue by, among other things, adapting the regulation on sustainability‐related disclosures in the financial services sector1 with a view to explicitly ruling out a classification of the defence industry as sustainably or socially harmful; _________________ 1 Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 on sustainability‐related disclosures in the financial services sector, OJ L 317, 9.12.2019, p. 1, ELI:…

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92. Amendment 92PPEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 76 a (new)
    Amendment

    76a. Underlines the need to enhance our partnerships with like-minded countries, particularly those in Europe, such as the UK and Norway; calls for a broad EU-UK security pact, also covering key subjects such as energy, migration and critical minerals; points to the added value of fostering our relationships with global partners such as the US, Japan and Australia;

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93. Amendment 93PPEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 76 b (new)
    Amendment

    76b. Calls on the EU Heads of State or Government to consider establishing a European security council that would include, among others, the United Kingdom and Norway;

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94. Amendment 94PPEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 76 c (new)
    Amendment

    76c. Calls for enhanced cooperation with Western Balkan countries in the area of defence industries; emphasises that Western Balkan countries have significant expertise in defence industries and that the EU should consider procuring military equipment from Western Balkan countries; emphasises that this approach would help make Western Balkan countries stronger allies of the EU;

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95. Amendment 95PPEJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 76 d (new)
    Amendment

    76d. Believes that every effort must be made to maintain and, if possible, foster transatlantic cooperation in every field of the military and defence sector, while recalling the need to foster European defence and develop greater sovereignty;

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96. Amendment 96ESNJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 47 a (new)
    Amendment

    47a. Recalls that national security remains the sole responsibility of each Member State and that the Commission must not encroach upon the exclusive competences of the Member States;

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97. Amendment 97ESNJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 47 b (new)
    Amendment

    47b. Reaffirms the sovereign right of the Member States to determine their security and defence policies, including the choice of their military alliances, in accordance with Article 4 TEU;

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98. Amendment 98ESNJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 55 a (new)
    Amendment

    55a. Recalls that the rearmament of Europe should not be achieved through the purchase of foreign weapons or the installation of foreign factories on European soil, but through the purchase of European weapons;

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99. Amendment 99ECRJoint motion for a resolution · Recital A
    Current text

    A. whereas over the last decade, major geopolitical shifts, amplified by the return of large-scale war to our neighbourhood, have been threatening the security of the EU, its Member States and its citizens; whereas the EU is currently under attack, with hybrid incidents inside its borders, a large-scale war in its neighbourhood and a realignment of global powers, all presenting real risks to the security of the EU and its citizens and requiring immediate, ambitious and decisive action; whereas Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has been a watershed moment in European history; whereas Putin’s war of aggression against Ukraine is widely recognised as an attack on the European peace ord…

    Amendment

    A. whereas over the last decade, major geopolitical shifts, amplified by the return of large-scale war to our neighbourhood, have been threatening the security of the EU, its Member States, the candidate countries and their respective citizens; whereas the EU is currently under attack, with hybrid incidents inside its borders, a large-scale war in its neighbourhood and a realignment of global powers, all presenting real risks to the security of the EU and its citizens and requiring immediate, ambitious and decisive action; whereas Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has been a watershed moment in European history; whereas Putin’s war of aggression against Ukraine is widely recognised…

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100. Amendment 100ECRJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 34
     Current text

     34. Reiterates the importance of EU-NATO cooperation, as NATO remains, for those states that are members of it, an important pillar of their collective defence; stresses that EU-NATO cooperation should continue, in particular, in areas such as information exchange, planning, military mobility and the exchange of best practice, and to reinforce deterrence, collective defence and interoperability; calls, nonetheless, for the development of a fully capable European pillar of NATO able to act autonomously whenever necessary; reiterates its call to strengthen cooperation – through action, not only words – on military mobility, information exchange, coordination of planning, improved cooperation o…

     Amendment

     34. Reiterates the importance of EU-NATO cooperation, as NATO remains, for those states that are members of it, the main pillar of their collective defence; stresses that EU-NATO cooperation should continue, in particular, in areas such as information exchange, planning, military mobility and the exchange of best practice, and to reinforce deterrence, collective defence and interoperability; calls, nonetheless, for the development of a fully capable European pillar of NATO able to act autonomously whenever necessary; reiterates its call to strengthen cooperation – through action, not only words – on military mobility, information exchange, coordination of planning, improved cooperation on th…

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101. Amendment 101ECRJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 39
     Current text

     39. Considers that the CSDP must strongly participate in the fight against hybrid warfare against partner countries, particularly candidate countries; is deeply worried by the sharp increase in hybrid attacks, including sabotage, cyberattacks, information manipulation and election interference, with the objective of weakening the EU and its candidate countries; calls on the EU Member States to consider appropriate deterrence and countermeasures, including through the use of Article 42(7) TEU; calls, furthermore, on the Member States to pool resources and expertise in the field of cybersecurity; strongly advocates the development of a unified European approach to cyber forces; further insists…

     Amendment

     39. Considers that the CSDP must strongly participate in the fight against hybrid warfare against partner countries, particularly candidate countries; is deeply worried by the sharp increase in hybrid attacks, including sabotage, cyberattacks, information manipulation and election interference, with the objective of weakening the EU and its candidate countries; calls on the EU Member States to consider appropriate deterrence and countermeasures, including through the use of Article 42(7) TEU; calls, furthermore, on the Member States to pool resources and expertise in the field of cybersecurity; strongly advocates the development of a common European approach to cyber forces; further insists…

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102. Amendment 102ECRJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 1
     Current text

     1. Considers that the EU must act urgently to ensure its own autonomous security, strengthening its partnerships with like-minded partners and significantly reducing its dependencies on non-EU countries; stresses, therefore, that the EU is now at a turning point in its history and construction; insists that a ‘business as usual’ approach is no longer an option as it would lead to the end of a safe and secure Europe; considers that the EU and its Member States must choose between joining forces and working in unison to overcome the threats and attacks on EU security, and standing alone at the mercy of aggressive adversaries and unpredictable partners;

     Amendment

     1. Considers that the EU must act urgently to ensure its own autonomous security, strengthening its partnerships with like-minded partners and significantly reducing its dependencies on authoritarian regimes; stresses, therefore, that the EU is now at a turning point in its history and construction; insists that a ‘business as usual’ approach is no longer an option as it would lead to the end of a safe and secure Europe; considers that the EU and its Member States must choose between joining forces and working in unison to overcome the threats and attacks on EU security, and standing alone at the mercy of aggressive adversaries and unpredictable partners;

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103. Amendment 103ECRJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 46
     Current text

     46. Stresses that EDIP must actively facilitate the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and new market entrants through simplified access to funding; emphasises that EDIP should be designed as a stepping stone towards greater European sovereignty in defence production; suggests that successful Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and European Defence Fund (EDF) projects be prioritised along the line of known capability gaps and that sufficient funding be ensured for projects that have proven to deliver; reiterates its call on the Member States to provide an implementation report on PESCO projects to Parliament at least twice a year;

     Amendment

     46. Stresses that EDIP must actively facilitate the participation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and new market entrants through simplified access to funding; emphasises that EDIP should be designed as a stepping stone towards greater European sovereignty in defence production; suggests that successful Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and European Defence Fund (EDF) projects be prioritised along the line of known capability gaps and that sufficient funding be ensured for projects that have proven to deliver; reiterates its call on the Member States to provide an implementation report on PESCO projects to Parliament at least twice a year; calls for a more geographically…

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104. Amendment 104ECRJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 13
     Current text

     13. Calls for immediate measures to enhance the security and defence of the EU’s north-eastern border with Russia and Belarus by establishing a comprehensive and resilient defence line across land, air and maritime domains to counter military and hybrid threats; emphasises the need to coordinate and integrate national efforts through EU regulatory and financial instruments to accelerate implementation;

     Amendment

     13. Calls for immediate measures to enhance the security and defence of the EU’s north-eastern border with Russia and Belarus by establishing a comprehensive and resilient defence line across land, air and maritime domains to counter military and hybrid threats including energy weaponisation, infrastructure sabotage and the instrumentalisation of migration; emphasises the need to coordinate and integrate national efforts through EU regulatory and financial instruments to accelerate implementation;

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105. Amendment 105ECRJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 22 (new)
     Amendment

     22a. Stresses that preparedness for hybrid and grey zone attacks must become part of the EU’s strategic culture, with permanent exercises, joint threat assessments and pre-planned, coordinated responses among Member States, particularly in regions bordering hostile powers;

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106. Amendment 106ECRJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 16 a (new)
     Amendment

     16a. Emphasises the importance of ensuring a geographically balanced distribution of defence financing in the next multiannual financial framework (MFF), particularly to strengthen the EU’s external borders with Russia and Belarus;

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107. Amendment 107ECRJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 17 a (new)
     Amendment

     17a. Calls for urgent financial support to ensure the timely supply of defence products through joint procurement, industrial coordination, stockpiling, access to finance for manufacturers and the expansion and modernisation of production capacities, emphasising that this funding should prioritise Member States bordering Ukraine, to enhance its protection, and Member States bordering Russia, to further deter potential threats;

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108. Amendment 108ECRJoint motion for a resolution · Paragraph 68
     Current text

     68. Welcomes the five-point ‘ReArm Europe’ plan proposed by the Commission President on 4 March 2025;

     Amendment

     68. Welcomes the five-point ‘ReArm Europe’ plan proposed by the Commission President on 4 March 2025; emphasises that the ReArm Europe title risks being misleading and too restrictive for a plan that aims to address the strengthening of European defence across all sectors and domains, which is essential for ensuring the security of our citizens; calls, to this end, for the plan to be renamed ‘Defend Europe’;

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